Apparatus for making paper



Dec. 15, 1931. J, A HEANY 1,836,467

APPARATUS FOR MAKING PAPER Original Filed Feb. l5,` 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet l fag 1 l 42 ,4/ l0 2a 8k, /2 :l DINO /0 l 50 4990; I 3/ .91d /5 ATTORNEY www@ Dec. l5, 1931. J. A. HEANY `1,836,467

APPARATUS FOR MAKING PAPER Original Filed Feb. 15, 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 l lll INVENTOR i ATTORNEY gli;

Patented Dec. 15, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE i UDBZN' .ALLEN HENY, 02E' NEW `HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR T0 WORLD BESTOS "7' COMORATIGN, OF PATERSON, NEW J SERSEY, AHCORPORATION OF DELAWARE .APPARATUS ,FOR MAKING PAPER Original ,application led February '15 1924;, Serial No. 692,947. Divided and this application led September 12 1927.

This invention lrelates to yapparatus for making paper. The invention relates more `particularly to mechanism for ymanufacturrvlng pa-per-out-oi yasbestos fibre. The inventien also Arelates to a preferred type of beater Ilua-'ving `utilization in loosening the fibrous structure of the Vpaper stock. y

In lthe manufacture of paper, especially where asbestos fibre is employed, it has been customary to workthe basic pulp in thecon- Idition of paper -ibre mixed withwater in la lbea-ter machine, subsequently transferring fthe pulp to `theT-)aper Vmachine `in which the 'fibre is deposited on travelling 'belts to form a sheet and subsequently compressed under pressure rolls and thoroughly dried. One 'disadvantage of 'this process, .as heretofore employed, has been that vthe `fibre as kpresent in ithe finished product has insuiiicient looseness, "the paper being somewhat harsh and poor "in absorpti-ve properties. This Idefect fhas been i'noteworthy 2inV connection 'with pa- 'per which has been subjected to impregnaftion, -the :cl ose hard libres tending yto `prevent roper absorptionotthe impregnating Huid. Ut 'has been proposed to accentuate .the :beating effect inthe .beating `machine in order fto loosen ythe fibres, but this'action fis undesirable inasmuch as `.the intensified beating, especially where zemployed with asbestos dibre, Atends to break up the fibre instead of lloesening it, and since itis desirablezin :paper structure to have the `iibre `as long -as Ais lpos- -sible,1thismodifi-cation of the :process ashereltofore employed :has lbeen unsatisfactory Y iOne `ofthe important objects ofmy invention, there-ore, is 11to fprovide fme'ans `in a fipaper making'machine by 'which the fibrezstock 'entering into the :composition `of fthe paper risisufiielently loosenedrto permiteasyimpregnation or saturation without at thersame 'time `linealtingfthe tiibrous structure; Another im- .fportant object is to :provide means `whereby 1a mineral fibre', `such Yas asbestos, .is-worked uso that the resultant paper product is.smooth and vflexibleand absorbent. Specifically, fit isuanpbject of the invention vto Aprovide an improved VVbeater machine in which theiibres fentering 4into the y:pulp .are v.loosened without maceration. `Further objects. -suclras relate Serial `N0. '2.18,'891.

to details-of the. apparatusand speciichfeay the use-in addition to vthe beater of the :beating machine, of a plurality of compressor rollers, .or Vdevices having similar functions, Lthroug'h which the pulp iis passed and then passing the ,pulp to vthe paper machine, depositing .the `same or; carrying belts and ii- `nal-ly'subjecting the sheet of matted material ato a series lofcompressing and drying Ysteps'. .A `feature of the invention also is `the employment of a beater drum whichidoes :not tear lor break :thefpulp llibre as it vpasses beneath the same, v-this result .being secured by mechanism for adjusting the elevation of fthe drum relative tothe vat base.

'Referring'to the drawings:

F ig. 1 isa lplan view of the beatermachine;

Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation .of .fthezsame taken =on lines 2 2 fof Fig. 1; y Eig. `3 is a view showingthe drive mechanism and Vbeater drum taken von 'lines '3-3 of- Fig. 1;

Fig; 4 is a plan view of the :base of the 'beater beneathithe beater drum Fig. .5 isfadetail -`viewof the beater `drum and the mechanism connected `the-reto;

Fig. 6 yis a diagrammatic view showing the fpa-per `machine in elevation rand Fig. 7 isa vdiagrammatic view of parts of the lpaper machine in continuation of Fig; V6.

Referringto Fig. l ofthe drawings, there 4is-shown in plan :the ibeater ymachine 10 lof a -Inodified'rectangular shape having the walls y1l curved at-theends of the vat12,.las shown. ln 4one'end of the vat, the end lpipe 13 is positioned andthe outlet pipe 14, shown in Fig. :andcovered'by a screen 151isv placed; atthe 'other fend ofthe Yvat',said outlet 14 leading .-fto the `storage tank,hereinafter indicated.

yInxthe side walls ofthe beater-are yplaced `bearings adapted to hold 4the beaterdrum, these bearings kshown .particularly in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 5, include side support blocks'116,icar rying'retaining plates 17 in swhich the beater shaft 18 is rotatably mounted. The ends of the block 16 have screw-threaded engagement with upwardly projecting pins 19 mounted on the base plate 2O of the beater, the lower ends of said pins terminating in bevelled gears 21,22, 23 and 24. The gears 21, 23 and gears 22 and 24 are connected by cross shafts 25 and 26, the same terminating in bevelled gears 27, 28, 29 and 30, cooperating with the corresponding horizontal bevellel gears 21, 22, 28 and 24, attached to the vertical pins 19. In addition, the stub shaft 31 is positioned on one side of the beater 10 having end bevelled gears 32 and 33 in connection with the vertical gears 29 and 80. One of the pins 19 is extended by an integral rod 34, terminating in a hand wheel 85 and it is apparent that rot-ation by the operator of the hand wheel 35 will cause a simultaneous rotation of the various bevelled gears and the movement of the screw-threaded pins 19, thus causing the vertical movement of the bearing blocks 16 'upon which the beater drum shaft 18 is mounted.

The beater shaft 18 carries adjacent one end, the beater drum 49, this drum consisting of a cylindrical casting` 41, upon which are mounted a plurality of axially extending plates 42. The plates 42 are relatively shallow in radial depth so that in operation upon the pulpy contents of the vat 12, the pulp is limited in its movement between the plates 42 of the drum. The drum 40 extends about halfway of the width of the vat 12 and terminates adjacent the dividing plate 48, extending axially in the vat and dividing the same into two compartments. One end of the shaft 18 of the beater drum terminates in a power pulley 44.

It is apparent from Fig. 1, that the partition 43 divides the vat in such a way that a channel is formed in which the pulpy stock may have movement, the material passing under the beater drum and around on the other side of the vat and again under the beater drum, this movement being caused by the rotation of the drum which gives movement to the massed material in the vat.V In connection with the beater drum, there are guide elements provided as indicated particularly in Fig; 2 in which the pulp is guided for a portion of the peripheryof the drum. This guide is indicated bythe curvilinear plate 45, the inner surface of which is positioned adjacent the outer ends of the beater drinn blades 42. rlhe lower' end of the plate 45 is extended beneath the drum as at 46 and isformed with a plurality of corrugations 47,`the samebeing in the shape of a. shallow V, the apex'of which is at the center of the channel and pointed in the direction of movement of the material, i. e., toward the curved portion of the plate 45. The end of the plate 46 is curved as at 48 to: guide the material toward the beater drum 40, f Beyond the v plate 45.

curved plate 45 there are positioned rollers 49 and extending across the channel containing the beater drum 40 and parallel with said drum. The rollers 49 and 50 are mounted on shafts 90 and 91. Shaft 90 may be mounted directly in the channel walls but shaft 91 at opposite ends of the roller 50 is mounted in blocks 91a slidable lengthwise of the channel in slots 91?) in members 910 which are fixed with reference to the channel walls. T he blocks 91a are adjustable by suitable means such as screws 91d to determine the distance between the rollers 49 and 50. The shaft 90 carries a pulley 92, and a power belt 93 forms a driving connection with a pulley 94 on the beater drum shaft 18. The plate 45 is extended partially over` the roller 49 so that the pulp in its movement under the drum is forced onto the roller 49 and thence between the rollers 49 and 50, the pulp then entering the drum channel. Splash preventing aprons are provided as at 51 and 52 on either side of the beater drum to prevent escape of the liquid within the vat. f

Considering the operation of the beater mechanism as described, the raw material such as asbestos fibre is placed in the vat 12 with a liquid as water to give the requisite plasticity to the pulp and permitting ease in working'the same. In the case of asbestos pulp, it is ordinarily desirable to add in addition to water, substances such as lime, starch and caustic, the object of the lime being to combine with the slimy material of the pulp, thereby giving the same suiiicient roughness .and adherence to be handled easily withthe various steps of the process, the object of the starch being to furnish the requisite cohesion with the paper fabric and the purpose of the caustic being to disorganize the material binder between the absestos fibres. Power is then applied to the pulley 44 and the drum 40 driven in such a direction as to cause movement of the pulp coincident with that of the arrow in Fig. 1, and as indicated by the arrow in Fig. 2. This rotation causes the pulp lto travel in the beater drum over the corrugated base plate 45 up the curved wall thereof, intermediate said roll and the blades 42 of the drum and into the slot between the rollers 49 and 50 adjacent the edge of the plate 45. By means of the hand wheel, 35, the operator adjusts the drum 40 so thata sufficient distance is secured between the plate-45 and the drum as not to macerate the asbestos pulp while at the salne time vbreaking down the various lumps .of fibrous stock and moving the material up the inclined surface of the The adjustment of the drum 40 is also suchl as to provide suhcient material to kfill the opening between the rollers 49 and 50. The rollers 49 and 50 are, as already flescribed, adjustable andr power driven and act as squeeze rolls to force orut'the liquid in the pulp and at the same time by this pressure amasser loosen ithe lbonds between :the various afibrous elements :making :up "the iasbestos fstoclil withtout :at the same time '.brealeingl'the rfibres. The ooinpressedistoek is'then passed into the est andenters theecurrentofmaterial passaround the vchannel 'to abe again .operated upon Iby #the .drum 40 and rollers 49 and 50. This combined Vsqueezing and beating operaftion 'is continued untilthe matenial is in conm v:aktion-to be passedfintotheipaper machine.

rom AthebeaterfthepaperlpulpEis ledfbythe pipe 14 to the storage jvat \60.^an`d2thence @to the .papel-machine 6f1 as needed. The :paper machine consists in Yits essentialelements of the 15 vat 62 having a plurality of transverse partitions 63, extending from the top of the vat to the point displaced from the adjacent base of the vat. In the compartments formed by the partitions 63 are placed hollow drums 64, 65 and 66, each of which is rotatable on shafts mounted on the side wallof the vat 62. The various drums or moulds are preferably formed with screen walls and means are provided such for example as a force pump, not shown, by which the pulp bearing liquid is drawn toward the interior of the drum, thus causing the deposit of the pulp upon the eX- terior surface of the screen. The drums, in rotation, carry the fibrous material upwardly o into contact with the travelling belt 67 made of felt or similar material to which the fibrous stock adheres, each drum adding this deposit of matted pulpy material, forming a matted sheet 100 of loose fibre. The sheet, thus formed, is then carried by the belt supported by the various rollers 68 and 69 into juxtaposition with the calendering apparatus 70.

As shown in Fig. 6, the belt 67 is extended from the rollers 69 about the roller 71 through guide rolls 72 back to the screened drum 64,

and 66. A cleaner roller 73 is also provided having blades 74 in order to remove any of the fibrous material remaining on the belt surface subsequent to movement over the roller 71. The use of an intermediary tank 101 is .also indicated between the storage tank 60 and paper machine vat 62, said intermediary tank having an overflow strip 102 on one side over which the pulp fiows into the tank 62.

The calendering apparatus is shown as comprising two vertical rollers 75 and 76, displaced from cach other and two pressure rolls 77 and 78 one above and in contact with the other, the pressure rolls being provided with appropriate pressure mechanism including a threaded rod 79 and wheel 80. A belt 81 is placed about the rollers 7 5 and 7 6 and the roll 78 and the sheet of matted fibre is guided from the roller 69 to the belt 81 as it winds about the rollers 7 5 being car- .ried intermediate the pressure rolls 77 and 78. This operation squeezes the water out of the fabric and brings it approximately to size and at the same time compacts the "65 fibrous structure to a strip indicated at 103 subjected toa pressure operation by means? l"of lthe calendermg unit 85, having rollers 86 :drum and thus lacilitatethe passage of the v'the size ofthe oven.

After .the movement Aof `the material through the drying oven, the sheet lagain .and'87 and pressure mechanism'88 similar' in all respects 'to ythat ofthe calender `70. The -function ofthe second 'pressure operation Ais '.to Yfurther .size "the `sheet of 'fabric :and i compact Aandfsmooth out fthe material into final form as a sheet 104. lOn emergence from'the :calender 85,the paper stock is wound over @supporting rollers89 Ainto the roll190a, this :completing .the final `step yin the-paper rmak- Hand all possible fmoisture removed from the fabi-ic. 4Also instead ofutil'izing `an ovenfas suggested, the f'abric .may be :passed over a rseriesof 'rollers in vwhlchsteam `is `passed at abouta pressure of pounds to dry out fthe 195 material. .Attention is directed also tothe .base'corrugations 47 of the beater -which'=are -so designed :as Lto .guide the 'materialtoward thecenter of the :channel 'under the beater 43.100 paper pulp. it `is further noted 'that fthe ynumber of Iblades `42 on the beater drum is fsuchthatia continuous impact is imparted .to

the pulp and also a 'continuous movement A'thereof which :carries the same into Ithe 'T105 squeeze yrollers 49 and50. :In addition tothe looseningfactionf oiflthe beater with kthe s ue- `cession of impacts-on the pulp passing under the drum and the successive lsqueezings of fthe pulp m-'its circuiting about fthe vat, at-

11-10 vtention alsov directed to the effect of the iealendermg 'operation as tending lto loosen `the fibrousfstructureof the pulp. By 'means 'of these 'various steps as indicated,`the "paper 'frictional wear and high temperature fisdel 'sirable The invent-ion `has been described asrapre- [2 ferred embodiment `of `the mechanism and :the ipreferred method of'itreating the matev lrial but it is `understoodthat such variations may -be made as come wlth'in'thescope-ofthe Aclaims hereunto appended. im

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is: l

l. A beater for the separation ol libres from librous masses in tile making of paper which comprises a beater' drum having a cylindrical casing, a plurality ol axially extending ola/des thereon, said blades having a relatively shallow radialV depth, a dividing plate in the said beater adjacent one end of the drum to `form a channel and to permit circulation in the beater around said dividing plate, means for rotating` the drun a guide means associated with said drum lor guiding the pulp lor a portion of the periphery of the drum, a series of corrugations on said guide means, and pulp compressing means receiving the pulp directly from the drum.

2. A beater for the separation of fibres from librous masses in the making of paper which coniprises'a beater drum having a cylindrical casing, a plurality oit axially extending blades thereon, said blades having a relatively shallow radial depth, a dividing plate in the said beater adjacent one end of the drum to form a channel and to permit eirculation in the beater around said dividing plate, means 'for rotating the drum, a guide means associated with said drum for guiding the pulp for a portion of the periphery ol the drum, series elf corrugations on said guide means, means .tor adjusting the relative position of said drum with respect to said guide means, compression rolls in proximity to said guide means for receiving the pulo delivered by said axially extending blades and compressing the said pulp, Whereby when the said pulp is circulated, the material is progressively subjected to a series of impacts and compressions.

3. A beater for the separation of libres from librous masses to form a pulp comprising a. beater drum having blades thereon adapted to separate the said libres Without tearing or breaking the libres to a substantial extent, means for dividing the said beater to 4iorm a circulatory channel therein, a guide means associated with the said drum Vfor guiding the libres in proximity to a portion ot the periphery ol the drum, means for adjusting the relative position of the drum to the said guide means, compression rolls mounted in proximity to the said drum to receive the libres delivered thereby, and to subject them to compression, and means for adjusting the relative position of said rolls.

l. A beater for the separation ot libres troni fibrous masses to form a pulp comprising a beater drum having blades thereon adapted to separate the said libres without tearing or breaking the fibres to a substantial extent, a plate lor dividing the said beater to form a circulatory channel therein, a` guide means associated With the said drum lorV guidino' the libres in proximity to a portion dividing plate lorsoaking action ol the said fibres, and means for driving the said rollers in synchronism with said drum. Y

In testimony whereof, I allix my signature.

JOHN ALLEN HEANY. 

